The great salt lake

Y es, Great Salt Lake is salty, but some parts of the lake are saltier than others. Human activity has altered the natural environment of Great Salt Lake, with the most noteworthy modification being the roughly 20-mile-long railroad causeway that separates the lake into north and south arms. The causeway, in its current form, is …The group left from the Capitol in Salt Lake City Utah on Tuesday, Feb. 15, 2022. Scott G Winterton, Deseret News. For Utah lawmakers, it was the year of the Great Salt Lake. After being accused of years of neglect from environmental groups, lawmakers answered a call from Gov. Spencer Cox who in December stood on the shores of …Apr 22, 2016 · The Great Salt Lake is the major remnant of Lake Bonneville, a large freshwater lake of the Pleistocene era (75,000–7,250 B.C.) that occupied much of western Utah. The lake occupies one of the basins of the Great Basin, and is located at the western margin of the Wasatch Mountains of the Rocky Mountain Range. Sailing on the Great Salt Lake. The Great Salt Lake is the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth largest in the world – boasting a rich web of relationships between people, land, water, food and survival. The lake contributes $1.9 billion to Utah’s economy (adjusted for inflation), provides over 7,700 jobs, supports the highest concentration of Utah ...In 1986, the lake was at a record high and covered approximately 2,300 square miles and contained 30 million acre-feet of water (an acre-foot is the amount of water necessary to cover 1 acre of land with water 1 foot in depth or about 326,000 gallons). On July 3, 2022, the level of Great Salt Lake dropped below the October 2021 historic low ... Nov. 7, 2023 Salt Lake City was selected to receive a $2.2 million grant from the Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust (GSLWET) for a project to preserve and restore wetlands and habitat on the south shore of the lake. The funding will assist in the acquisition of undeveloped land next to Great Salt Lake […]More information: James S. Metcalf et al, Cyanotoxin Analysis of Air Samples from the Great Salt Lake, Toxins (2023). DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110659 Provided by Brain Chemistry LabsOn the northeast side of the Great Salt Lake, a little over a hundred miles from Salt Lake City, lies perhaps the most notable piece of land art ever made, and due to record-low water levels caused by a …The Great Salt Lake is believed to be a remnant of Lake Bonneville - the most significant prehistoric pluvial lake, formed about 30,000 years ago during the …With a salinity level over 40 percent, Don Juan is significantly saltier than most of the other hypersaline lakes around the world. The Dead Sea has a salinity of 34 percent; the Great Salt Lake varies between 5 and 27 percent. Earth’s oceans have an average salinity of 3.5 percent. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 ...Environmental advocates say yes; the dying Great Salt Lake has an inherent right to exist, just like people do. Utah Rep. Walt Brooks, R-St. George, has introduced a …The Great Salt Lake in Utah is the largest body of water in the western hemisphere without an outlet to the sea. Its levels fluctuate naturally, but scientists say the record-low water levels the ...New one-stop shop webpage for all things Great Salt Lake link. July 5, 2022. Great Salt Lake Level Falls Below Historic Low Measured in October 2021 View All. Publications. January 19, 2024 Temporal variability in irrigated land and climate influences on salinity loading across the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1986-2017It’s not easy to obtain rights to Utah’s most important dwindling resource. Utah lawmakers allocated $40 million to a Great Salt Lake trust during the 2022 legislative session. The trust will be managed by various stakeholders with the purpose of bringing water to the Great Salt Lake, including the purchase of water leases and rights to ...Modern occurrences of dolomite in the Great Salt Lake, Utah, have been studied since the early 20 th Century. The distribution of primary dolomite in the Great Salt Lake is spatially heterogeneous, with only the carbonate mud in the South Arm and ridge-site between desiccation cracks in the North Arm being dominated by dolomite and …Great Salt Lake is the remnant of Lake Bonneville; a great ice age lake that rose dramatically from a small saline lake 30,000 years ago. The most conspicuous reminders of Lake Bonneville are the ancient terraces etched into the landscape along the lake's former shorelines. Jan 10, 2023 · The Great Salt Lake provides a habitat for around 10 million migratory birds and brings Utah roughly $2.5 billion a year in economic activity, but, after drying at record rates since 2020, is ... The Great Salt Lake has hit a new historic low for the second time in less than a year. Utah Department of Natural Resources said Monday, June 5, 2022, in a news release, the lake dipped Sunday to ...Emergency measures are required to avert a catastrophe in Utah’s Great Salt Lake, which has been drying up due to excessive water use, a new report warns. Within years, the lake’s ecosystems ...The Great Salt Lake is the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth largest in the world — boasting a rich web of relationships between people, land, water, food and survival, according to the Utah Department of Natural Resources.With a salinity level over 40 percent, Don Juan is significantly saltier than most of the other hypersaline lakes around the world. The Dead Sea has a salinity of 34 percent; the Great Salt Lake varies between 5 and 27 percent. Earth’s oceans have an average salinity of 3.5 percent. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 ...Jul 13, 2021 · For the Great Salt Lake, the key boxes all seem to be checked. Yet those working for the lake's protection over the years have had to wage an uphill PR battle. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) made its first purchase at the Great Salt Lake in 1984, protecting wetland bird habitat threatened by development. Executive summary. Great Salt Lake is a keystone ecosystem in the Western Hemisphere.The lake and its wetlands provide minerals for Utah’s industries, thousands of local jobs, and habitat for 10 million migratory birds 1–4. On the northeast side of the Great Salt Lake, a little over a hundred miles from Salt Lake City, lies perhaps the most notable piece of land art ever made, and due to record-low water levels caused by a …The Great Salt Lake recedes from Anthelope Island on May 4, 2021, near Salt Lake City. The lake has been shrinking for years, and a drought gripping the American West could make this year the ...It tells the story of a party on a boat in a salt lake, but the meaning goes even deeper. The singer acknowledges that he’d stand by his friend falling apart and would steer through the great salt lake. These words make the listener envision a lake of salty tears the friends are navigating. 8. “I Lost My Sugar in Salt Lake City” by Johnny ...The railroad causeway is breached on the Great Salt Lake as photographed on Wednesday, May 3, 2023. Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News. Pilot Gary Kraft has flown over the Great Salt Lake at 15,000 feet, but this week was a different experience. At an altitude of 1,500 feet, Kraft and his guests were treated to a closer look at the many …Feb 3, 2023 · Utah leaders are under pressure to end water diversions and enforce tougher restrictions in order save the drying Great Salt Lake. A recent report predicted it will completely dry in five years. Oct 19, 2022 · And based on his calculations and conversations, the Great Salt Lake only needs an influx of 500,000 acre-feet to heal, meaning the rest of that water could get piped to drought-stricken communities. The Bonneville Salt Flats is one of the most unique natural features in Utah, stretching over 30,000 acres. It is located along I-80 near the Utah-Nevada border. Location. The Bonneville Salt Flats are found west of the Great Salt Lake, in western Utah. They cover a large area and have a very unique environment.Oct 19, 2022 · And based on his calculations and conversations, the Great Salt Lake only needs an influx of 500,000 acre-feet to heal, meaning the rest of that water could get piped to drought-stricken communities. That piece of art is the “Spiral Jetty” — a swirling, 7,000-ton landmark off Rozel Point in northern Utah, built of salt crystal, mud and basalt rocks, that stretches more than 1,500 feet into the Great Salt Lake. And April marks its 50th anniversary. The Deseret News spoke with a few experts on the enormous landmark.The Great Salt Lake is located in Northern Utah, and is the largest lake in the western United States. It is the 6th biggest lake if you include the northeast region of the United States. This giant lake spans across five counties including Box Elder, Weber, Davis, Salt Lake, and Tooele. It can be seen from both freeways I-80 and I-15.Oolitic sand is an unusual sediment that is found in and around the Great Salt Lake. Instead of forming from grains of mineral fragments washed down from higher ground, this sand formed within the Great Salt Lake. It is composed of tiny, lightbrown, rounded oolites. An oolite has a shell of concentric layers of calcium carbonate that precipitated around a …The Great Salt Lake Shorelands Preserve spans 4,400 acres of wetlands and uplands habitat along the eastern edge of the Great Salt Lake—one of Utah’s most unique natural treasures. As the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere, the Great Salt Lake is crucial to both people and nature. The lake is a rich feeding ground for migratory ...The Great Salt Lake is the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth largest in the world — boasting a rich web of relationships between people, land, water, food and survival, according to the Utah Department of Natural Resources.Figure: Great Salt Lake: Halophiles are adapted to conditions of extreme salt concentration, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah. High salinity represents an extreme environment that relatively few organisms have been able to adapt to and occupy. Most halophilic organisms cope with the high concentrations of salt by expending energy …I have known Great Salt Lake in flood and now in drought; between her highest level at 4211.8 feet in 1987 and her lowest at 4188.5 feet in 2022. Maps and newspapers call her the Great Salt Lake ...Apr 8, 2021 · As historian Dale Morgan put it in 1947, “It is a lake of paradoxes.”. Today, the Great Salt Lake’s volume has dropped nearly 50%. The largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere is drying up. The Great Salt Lake, like many saline lakes around the world, is drying up. Mason Coberly for Deseret Magazine. The Great Salt Lake is the largest naturally occurring lake west of the Mississippi River and largest saline (saltwater) lake in the Western Hemisphere. It has been designated by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network as a site of "hemispheric importance," meaning hundreds of thousands of shorebirds, such as …The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world. In an average year the lake covers an area of around 4,400 km 2, but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness.The Great Salt Lake still greatly impacts the Wasatch Front’s weather pattern. It feeds clouds. When there is high-pressure and warmer water on the lake, low-pressure clouds and storm systems stall in the valley and draw moisture from the lake. This can result in five or even six feet of powder dumping in the canyons from a single “lake ...The Great Salt Lake is northwest of Salt Lake City. To reach Antelope Island, drive north on I-15 to Syracuse, then west on State Route 127, following the signs. A causeway allows automobile access to the island. Great Salt Lake State Park is located at the south end of the lake, about 16 miles west of Salt Lake City, along I-80. Great Salt Lake draws people for a variety of recreational experiences and to enjoy what John Muir called "one of the great views on the American Continent." Bridger Bay Beach on the north end of Antelope Island is perhaps the nicest beach on the entire lake. The beach is a two-mile long, hundred yard wide expanse of white oolitic sand.Apr 15, 2023 · There’s been a 3ft rise in some parts of the Great Salt Lake, and more is expected during spring runoff, according to Laura Vernon, researcher and coordinator at the Utah division of water ... Visiting the Great Salt Lake is a right of passage for tourists in Utah looking to float in the saltiest lake in the Western Hemisphere. Located outside Salt Lake City, Utah, the Great Salt Lake is surrounded by the Wasatch Mountains on the East and the Great Salt Lake Desert on the West.. You may wonder why you are seeing seagulls in Utah (they are …Jun 7, 2023 · The water at Great Salt Lake State Park and Marina is up five and a half feet since the lake hit a record-low elevation in November. It swelled more than a foot in just the last month, thanks to a ... Great Salt Lake is teeming with life. The organisms that live in and around Great Salt Lake depend on one another and their environment for survival. interactive explore. Great Salt Lake Food Web. Learn about the producers and consumers that make up the Great Salt Lake food web.The Great Salt Lake is the largest naturally occurring lake west of the Mississippi River and largest saline (saltwater) lake in the Western Hemisphere. It has been designated by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network as a site of "hemispheric importance," meaning hundreds of thousands of shorebirds, such as …Jan 10, 2023 · The Great Salt Lake provides a habitat for around 10 million migratory birds and brings Utah roughly $2.5 billion a year in economic activity, but, after drying at record rates since 2020, is ... Figure: Great Salt Lake: Halophiles are adapted to conditions of extreme salt concentration, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah. High salinity represents an extreme environment that relatively few organisms have been able to adapt to and occupy. Most halophilic organisms cope with the high concentrations of salt by expending energy …Feb 16, 2023 · Carly Biedul, of the Great Salt Lake Institute, inspect and area of the lake bed looking for brine fly larvae to collect for research on February 2, 2023 at the Great Salt Lake in Utah. It tells the story of a party on a boat in a salt lake, but the meaning goes even deeper. The singer acknowledges that he’d stand by his friend falling apart and would steer through the great salt lake. These words make the listener envision a lake of salty tears the friends are navigating. 8. “I Lost My Sugar in Salt Lake City” by Johnny ...Report details lake's importance The Great Salt Lake lies along a crucial flyway, attracting an estimated 10 million birds a year. Roughly 350 bird species depend on its ecosystems.Jan 6, 2020 · 3. Bring Towels, lots of Fresh Water and Lotion. After enjoying your time swimming in the Great Salt Lake, wait until after the water dries from your body -which is pretty quick in Utah-especially if it is hot. Use towels to brush off most of the salt. Then use fresh water to rinse off. Aug 7, 2023 · In 2019, the Great Salt Lake Advisory Council published a report detailing many of the consequences of lower water levels. Current surface elevation. Here is the most recent water level measurement from the Saltair Boat Harbor (site no. 10010000): 4192.6 ft. above sea level as of Monday, Jan. 22, 2024 at 4:45 a.m. Lake water levels over the ... Sep 7, 2023 · FILE - A young person runs through the Great Salt Lake on June 15, 2023, near Magna, Utah. A coalition of environmental organizations sued the state of Utah on Wednesday, Sept. 6, 2023, based on accusations that it is not doing enough make sure enough water gets to the shrinking Great Salt Lake. (AP Photo/Rick Bowmer, File) The Great Salt Lake still greatly impacts the Wasatch Front’s weather pattern. It feeds clouds. When there is high-pressure and warmer water on the lake, low-pressure clouds and storm systems stall in the valley and draw moisture from the lake. This can result in five or even six feet of powder dumping in the canyons from a single “lake ...The Great Salt Lake is a lake with a very high saline level and is considered to be the “Dead Sea of America”. The salinity of the Great Salt Lake ranges from 5 to 27%. For comparison, the average salinity of the world ocean is 3.5% (35 parts per thousand) and 33.7% in the Dead Sea. The high salinity in parts of the lake makes them ...May 2, 2023 · SALT LAKE CITY — This season’s record snowpack means good news for the Great Salt Lake. It has already risen a few feet, and the runoff has barely just started. Mar 13, 2023 · The Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake, meaning there’s no outlet for water to pass out of the lake. If its water sources are cut off, terminal lakes are at risk of shrinkage . That dependence on source water also makes terminal lakes particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change, because climate factors like temperature and ... A Fluctuating Great Salt Lake. Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake at the very bottom of the watershed, like the bottom of a bathtub, that rises and falls in elevation in response to varying precipitation and evaporation. Over the past 13,000 years the lake elevation has fluctuated between about 4,250 and 4,170 feet (1,295–1,271 m) above sea ...Mar 25, 2023 · I passed 60 salt-encrusted bodies stiff on the salt flats, hollow bones protruding from crystallized clumps of feathers, wings splayed like fans waving in the heat. I have known Great Salt Lake in ... Report details lake's importance The Great Salt Lake lies along a crucial flyway, attracting an estimated 10 million birds a year. Roughly 350 bird species depend on its ecosystems.The Great Salt Lake is shown in the background of the earthwork Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson Tuesday, Feb. 1, 2022, on northeastern shore of the Great Salt Lake near Rozel Point in Utah.Utah’s Great Salt Lake is the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth largest in the world. Sure, it’s a geographical masterpiece, but for locals, the capital city’s namesake inspiration is most noted for bison-spotting, bird-watching, Instagram-worthy photo backdrops and the boost it sometimes offers snowstorms ... The pink appearance of the North Arm of the Great Salt Lake looks quite different from the typical blue-green water seen near the Marina. Parrott says this difference started when the lake was separated by a causeway in the late 1950s. "It sort of chopped the lake into two parts.With a salinity level over 40 percent, Don Juan is significantly saltier than most of the other hypersaline lakes around the world. The Dead Sea has a salinity of 34 percent; the Great Salt Lake varies between 5 and 27 percent. Earth’s oceans have an average salinity of 3.5 percent. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 ...Rich in scenic beauty and natural features, Antelope Island is the perfect place to view the Great Salt Lake and get a taste of the vast open country found in the Great Basin. From the mainland, the island's 28,022 acres appear barren and deserted. But Antelope Island is home to an astonishing variety of flora and fauna native to the Great ...Great Salt Lake is the remnant of Lake Bonneville; a great ice age lake that rose dramatically from a small saline lake 30,000 years ago. The most conspicuous reminders of Lake Bonneville are the ancient terraces etched into the landscape along the lake's former shorelines. The Great Salt Lake Strike Team delayed their report to lawmakers to specifically debunk that claim. Steed is a co-chair of the strike team through his other …Dec 20, 2021 · The Great Salt Lake has a length of 120km and a maximum width of 45km. The lake reaches an average depth of 4.9m and a maximum depth of 10m. The surface area of the Great Salt Lake dramatically varies depending on the evaporation rates and the flow of the principal rivers that feed it. Records indicate that the lake’s surface area had changed ... The Great Salt Lake is among many saltwater lakes around the world that are in decline. It is the largest in the Western Hemisphere and is estimated to deliver $1.9 billion each year to Utah’s economy. Its challenges due to diversion and drought have dropped the lake by at least 11 feet with more than 50% of its lakebed exposed.the Great Salt and Se vier Lakes in the east; Py ramid, Mono, and Walker Lake s in the west; Abert an d Harney Lakes in the north; and the Salton Se a in the south are al l near the margin s of theGreat Salt Lake water levels have been a concern since they hit a new record low in November 2022, according to the Great Salt Lake strategic plan that …Great Salt Lake water levels have been a concern since they hit a new record low in November 2022, according to the Great Salt Lake strategic plan that …Jul 13, 2021 · For the Great Salt Lake, the key boxes all seem to be checked. Yet those working for the lake's protection over the years have had to wage an uphill PR battle. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) made its first purchase at the Great Salt Lake in 1984, protecting wetland bird habitat threatened by development. The Great Shrinking Lake. Few other lakes in the United States rival the Great Salt Lake in size and significance. It is the largest saline lake in the country and the eighth-largest in the world (by area). …By Leia Larsen, The Salt Lake Tribune. Jan 7, 2023, 2:06pm PST. SHARE. SHARE Great Salt Lake set to vanish in 5 years, experts warn Utah lawmakers. Flipboard. Dried lake bed is pictured in Farmington Bay, looking at Antelope Island, as the Great Salt Lake experiences record low water levels on July 22, 2022.Great Salt Lake water levels have been a concern since they hit a new record low in November 2022, according to the Great Salt Lake strategic plan that …Get a bit pickled in the Great Salt Lake at Bridger Bay Beach. Taking a dip in Great Salt Lake is truly a unique experience, and makes a fabulous day trip from Salt Lake City. One of the best places to access the water is at Bridger Bay Beach at Antelope Island State Park. The water is so salty – ten times more so than the the ocean – that ...The Great Salt Lake is northwest of Salt Lake City. To reach Antelope Island, drive north on I-15 to Syracuse, then west on State Route 127, following the signs. A causeway allows automobile access to the island. Great Salt Lake State Park is located at the south end of the lake, about 16 miles west of Salt Lake City, along I-80. Location of the Great Lakes in North America. The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the east-central interior of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River.The five lakes are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general …The Great Salt Lake is northwest of Salt Lake City. To reach Antelope Island, drive north on I-15 to Syracuse, then west on State Route 127, following the signs. A causeway allows automobile access to the island. Great Salt Lake State Park is located at the south end of the lake, about 16 miles west of Salt Lake City, along I-80. Hawkes also backs an idea popular among Utah lawmakers and resources managers – paying farmers to lease out their water rights and divert them to the Great Salt Lake. It would be an “emergency ...Mar 18, 2023 · Utah is flush with snow and money. It might not be enough to save the Great Salt Lake. Intense snowfall will lead to extra water this spring, and $400 million from the state government will help ... And based on his calculations and conversations, the Great Salt Lake only needs an influx of 500,000 acre-feet to heal, meaning the rest of that water could get piped to drought-stricken communities.Utah’s Great Salt Lake is immensely valuable as an environmental, cultural, and economic resource. A 2012 analysis by Bioeconomics3 estimated the economic value of the lake at $1.32 billion per year for mineral extraction, brine shrimp cyst production, and recreation. The abundant food and wetlands of the lake attract 3 million shorebirds, as ...Utahns have extracted minerals from the Great Salt Lake since at least 1847, when a group of pioneers gathered 125 bushels of crude salt from its shores. Today, it contributes more than $1 billion ...Public Information Series #104, By Jim Davis, J. Wallace Gwynn, and Andrew Rupke, 2022. Great Salt Lake is true to its name—historically, economically, geologically, and biologically the lake abounds with superlatives. The largest lake in North America without an outlet to the ocean expands and contracts, nearly doubling in depth and more ... Mar 21, 2023 · Dotted across the Great Basin of the American West are salty, smelly lakes. The largest of these, by far, is the Great Salt Lake in Utah.But a recent report found that water diversions for farming ... The monumental earthwork Spiral Jetty (1970) was created by artist Robert Smithson and is located off Rozel Point in the north arm of Great Salt Lake. Made of black basalt rocks and earth gathered from the site, Spiral Jetty is a 15-foot-wide coil that stretches more than 1,500 feet into the lake. Undoubtedly the most famous large-scale ...The Great Salt Lake is believed to be a remnant of Lake Bonneville - the most significant prehistoric pluvial lake, formed about 30,000 years ago during the …The Great Salt Lake once had a thriving, close-knit sailing community. Low water levels have chased the majority of boaters away. Dave Shearer, manager of the Great Salt Lake State Park and harbor master, said there are 14 boats in the marina and another 150 in storage or the parking lot. The marina has a capacity for 300 vessels.And based on his calculations and conversations, the Great Salt Lake only needs an influx of 500,000 acre-feet to heal, meaning the rest of that water could get piped to drought-stricken communities.The Great Salt Lake also is an important economic driver, contributing approximately $1.3 billion to the Utah annual gross domestic product through aquaculture, recreation, and industrial activities such as mineral extraction and processing. In 1959, a rock-fill railroad causeway was constructed across the middle of the Great Salt Lake. The Great Salt Lake recedes from Anthelope Island on May 4, 2021, near Salt Lake City. The lake has been shrinking for years, and a drought gripping the American West could make this year the ...Jan 17, 2024 · Utah's legislature is reconvening this week amid pressure to pass tougher conservation laws to save the Great Salt Lake from drying up. Drought made worse by climate change is a factor in the lake ... “The Great Salt Lake can be either an extraordinarily beautiful jewel of nature or a serious hazard to human health,” said Paul Alan Cox with Brain Chemistry Labs in Jackson Hole. “The ...Learn about the history, features, and ecosystem of the Great Salt Lake, the largest natural lake west of the Mississippi River and the largest salt water lake in the western …SALT LAKE CITY (KUTV) — A busy block of State Street was closed after smoke was reported at a building in downtown Salt Lake City. Officials said the smoke …Feb 16, 2023 · Carly Biedul, of the Great Salt Lake Institute, inspect and area of the lake bed looking for brine fly larvae to collect for research on February 2, 2023 at the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Jun 9, 2023 · The Great Salt Lake is not only the most massive in the western hemisphere, but it is also one of Utah’s most notable landmarks, famous for its unique attributes, which include biology and geology. Covering 1900 square miles, the Great Salt Lake provides an array of wetland habitats that serve as a vital stopover for migratory birds and are ... A sculpture of hockey players at the Maverik Center in West Valley City is pictured on Oct. 8, 2020. Utah Jazz owner Ryan Smith is looking to bring an NHL … | Ccurkollmqe (article) | Mtqyppv.